Origin: Originated from galea aponeurotica

Insertion: It inserted into skin of the eyebrows

Innervation: The muscle innervated by temporal branches of the facial nerve (VII)

Action: Elevates the eyebrows and wrinkles the forehead

Origin: Originated from nasal part of frontal bone, frontal process of maxilla, medial palpebral ligament, lacrimal bone

Insertion: It inserted into skin of orbital region, lateral palpebral raphe, superior and inferior tarsal plates

Innervation: The muscle innervated by temporal and zygomatic branches of facial nerve (VII)

Action: Closes eyelids tightly

Origin: Originated from medial palpebral ligament

Insertion: It inserted into lateral palpebral raphe

Innervation: The muscle innervated by temporal and zygomatic branches of facial nerve (VII)

Action: Closes eyelids gently and compresses lacrimal sac (deep part)

Origin:Originated from maxilla above the incisor teeth and the canine teeth

Insertion: It inserted into ala of the nose and midline aponeurosis

Innervation: The muscle innervated by buccal branch ofthe facial nerve (VII)

Action: Flattens the nose and flare the nostrils

Origin: Originated from lower surface of the zygomatic bone

Insertion: It inserted into lateral part of the upper lip

Innervation: The muscle innervated by buccal branch of the facial nerve (VII)

Action: Elevates the upper lip

Origin: Originated from fascia of the lateral cheek

Insertion: It inserted into skin of the angle(corner) of the mouth

Innervation: The muscle nnervated by buccal branches of the facial nerve (VII)

Action: Draws the corner ofthe mouth laterally

Origin: Originated from skin and fascia of lips and the area surrounding the lips

Insertion: It inserted into skin and fascia of the lips

Innervation: The muscle innervated by buccal branch of the facial nerve (VII)

Action: Purses the lips

Origin: Originated from oblique line of the mandible

Insertion: It inserted into angle of the mouth

Innervation: The muscle innervated by marginal mandibular & buccal branches of the facial nerve (VII)

Action: Pulls the corner ofthe mouth downward

Origin: Originated from itermediate tendon

Insertion: It inserted into lower border of the hyoid bone lateral to the sternohyoid insertion

Innervation: The muscle innervated by ansa cervicalis

Action: Depresses or stabilizes the hyoid bone

Origin: Originated from sternal head: Anterior surface of the manubrium; Clavicular head: Medial 1/3rd of the clavicle

Insertion: It inserted into mastoid process and lateral 1/2 of the superior nuchal line

Innervation: The muscle innervated by spinal accessory nerve (XI), with sensory supply from C2 & C3

Action: Draws the mastoid process down toward the same side which causes the chin to turn up toward the oppositeside. It also flex the neck

Origin: Originated from posterior surfaces of both the manubrium and sternal end of the clavicle

Insertion: It inserted into lower border of the hyoid bone, medial to the omohyoid muscle insertion

Innervation: The muscle innervated by ansa cervicalis

Action: Depresses or stabilizes the hyoid bone

Origin: Originated from upper border of the scapula medial to the scapular notch

Insertion: It inserted into intermediate tendon

Innervation: The muscle innervated by ansa cervicalis

Action: Depresses or stabilizes the hyoid bone

Origin: Originated from posterior surface of the manubrium below the origin of the sternohyoid muscle

Insertion: It inserted into oblique line of the thyroid cartilage

Innervation: The muscle innervated by ansa cervicalis

Action: Depresses or stabilizes the hyoid bone

Origin: Originated from galea aponeurotica superior to ear

Insertion: It inserted into auricle superiorly

Innervation: The muscle innervated by temporal branches of facial nerve (VII)

Action:Elevates and retracts the ear

Origin: Originated from superior nuchal line

Insertion: It inserted into galea aponeurotica

Innervation: The muscle innervated by posterior auricular branch of the facial nerve (VII)

Action: Moves the scalp backward

Origin: Originated from transverse processes of C1-C4

Insertion: It inserted into medial border of the scapula from the superior angle to the spine

Innervation: The muscle innervated by dorsal scapular nerve (C5) and the upper part of the muscle receives branches of C3 & C4 spinal nerves

Action: Elevates scapula

Origin: Originated from anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of vertebrae C3-C6

Insertion: It inserted into scalene tubercle of the first rib

Innervation: The muscle innervated by innervated by brachial plexus C5-C7

Action: Elevates the first rib. It also flexes and laterally bends the neck

Origin: Originated from posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of vertebrae C5-C7

Insertion: It inserted into lateral surface of the second rib

Innervation: The muscle innervated by brachial plexus C7-C8

Action: Elevates the second rib. It also flexes and laterally bends the neck

Origin: Originated from posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of vertebrae C2-C7

Insertion: It inserted into upper surface of the first rib behind the subclavian artery

Innervation: The muscle innervated by brachial plexus C3-C8

Action: Elevates the first rib and flexes and laterally bends the neck

Origin: Originated from

Insertion: It inserted into

Innervation: The muscle innervated by

Action: Elevating, retracting, and rotating the scapula, and extending the neck

Origin: Originated from mastoid notch of the temporal bone

Insertion: It inserted into body of the hyoid via a fibrous loop over an intermediate tendon

Innervation: The muscle innervated by facial nerve (VII)

Action: Elevates the hyoid bone and depresses the mandible

Origin: Originated from posterior side of the styloid process

Insertion: It inserted into splits around the intermediate tendon of the digastric muscle to insert on the body of the hyoid bone

Innervation: The muscle innervated by facial nerve (VII)

Action: Elevates and retracts the hyoid bone

Origin: Originated from zygomatic arch and zygomatic bone

Insertion: It inserted into lateral surface of the ramus and angle of the mandible

Innervation: The muscle innervated by mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V)

Action: Elevates the mandible

Origin: Originated from pPterygomandibular raphe, mandible, and the maxilla lateral to the molar teeth

Insertion: It inserted into angle of mouth and the lateral portion of the upper and lower lips

Innervation: The muscle innervated by buccal branches of the facial nerve (VII)

Action: Pulls the corner of mouth laterally and presses the cheek against the teeth

Origin: Originated from temporal fossa and the temporal fascia

Insertion: It inserted into coronoid process of the mandible and the anterior surface of the ramus of the mandible

Innervation: The muscle innervated by anterior and posterior deep temporal nerves from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V)

Action: Elevates the mandible and retracts the mandible(posterior fibers)

Origin: Originated from oblique line of the thyroid cartilage

Insertion: It inserted into lower border of the hyoid bone

Innervation: The muscle innervated by ansa cervicalis (via fibers running with the hypoglossal nerve that leave XII distal to the superior limb of ansa)

Action: Elevates the larynx and depresses or stabilizes the hyoid bone

Origin: Originated from arch of the cricoid cartilage

Insertion: It inserted into inferior border of the thyroid cartilage

Innervation: The muscle innervated by external branch of superior laryngeal nerve, a branch of the vagus nerve (X)

Action: Draws the thyroid cartilage forward, lengthening the vocal ligaments

Origin: Originated from

Insertion: It inserted into

Innervation: The muscle innervated by

Action: Its elevates the first rib and flexes and laterally bends the neck

Origin: Originated from

Insertion: It inserted into

Innervation: The muscle innervated by

Action: Head tilting, rotation, and neck extension, It also supporting the head and stabilizing the cervical spine

Origin: Originated from ligamentum nuchae and spines C7-T6

Insertion: It inserted into mastoid process & superior nuchal line

Innervation: The muscle innervated by dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C2-C6

Action: Extends and laterally bends neck and head

Origin: Originated from transverse processes of C1-4 vertebrae

Insertion: It inserted into medial border of the scapula from the superior angle to the spine

Innervation: The muscle innervated by dorsal scapular nerve (C5) and the upper part of the muscle receives branches of C3 & C4 spinal nerves

Action: Elevates scapula

Origin: Originated from pterygomandibular raphe, mandible, and the maxilla lateral to the molar teeth

Insertion: It inserted into angle of mouth and the lateral portion of the upper and lower lips

Innervation: The muscle innervated by buccal branches of the facial nerve (VII)

Action: Pulls the corner of mouth laterally and presses the cheek against the teeth

Origin: Originated from articular processes of vertebrae C4-C7 and the transverse processes of vertebrae T1-T6

Insertion: It inserted into occipital bone between the superior and inferior nuchal lines

Innervation: The muscle innervated by descending branches of greater occipital nerve (C2) and spinal nerve C3

Action: Extend the neck, rotate the neck to each side, and laterally flex the neck to each side

Origin: Originated from digastric fossa of the mandible

Insertion: It inserted into body of the hyoid via a fibrous loop over an intermediate tendon

Innervation: The muscle innervated by mylohyoid nerve, from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V)

Action: Elevates the hyoid bone and depresses the mandible

Origin: Originated from mylohyoid line of mandible

Insertion: It inserted into midline raphe and body of the hyoid bone

Innervation: The muscle innervated by mylohyoid nerve from the inferior alveolar nerve, a branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V)

Action: Elevates the hyoid bone and the tongue and also depresses the mandible

Origin: Originated from anterior surface of the mandible near the mental symphysis (midline)

Insertion: It inserted into skin of the chin

Innervation: The muscle innervated by marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve (VII)

Action: Elevates the lower lip and skin of chin

Origin: Originated from anterior surface of the mandible

Insertion: It inserted into skin of the lower lip

Innervation: The muscle innervated by marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve (VII)

Action: Depresses the lower lip

Origin: Originated from upper lateral surface of the zygomatic bone

Insertion: It inserted into skin of the angle of the mouth

Innervation: The muscle innervated by zygomatic and buccal branches of the facial nerve (VII)

Action: Elevates and draws the corner of the mouth laterally

Origin: Originated from canine fossa of the maxilla

Insertion: It inserted into corner of the mouth

Innervation: The muscle innervated by buccal branch of the facial nerve (VII)

Action: Elevates the angle of the mouth

Origin: Originated from inferior margin of the orbit

Insertion: It inserted into skin of the upper lip

Innervation: The muscle innervated by buccal branch of the facial nerve (VII)

Action: Elevates the upperlip

Origin: Originated from galea aponeurotica anterior to ear

Insertion: It inserted into auricle anteriorly

Innervation: The muscle innervated by temporal branches of facial nerve (VII)

Action: Wiggle the ears

Origin: Originated from upper border of the greater horn of the hyoid and body of the hyoid bone

Insertion: It inserted into spreads out into the intrinsic muscles of the tongue

Innervation: The muscle innervated by hypoglossal nerve (XII)

Action: Depresses the sides of the tongue; retracts the tongue

Origin: Originated from mastoid process

Insertion: It inserted into auricle posteriorly

Innervation: The muscle innervated by auricular branch of facial nerve (VII)

Action: Wiggle the ears

Source: Originated from ophthalmic artery

Branches: It gives no branches

Supply to: It supplies to the muscles, skin and fascia of the medial forehead

Source: Originated from ophthalmic artery

Branches: It gives no branches

Supply to: It supplies to the muscles, skin and fascia of the forehead

Source: Originated from facial artery

Branches: It gives no branches

Supply to: It supplies to the orbicularis oculi muscle and lacrimal sac

Source: Originated from external carotid artery

Branches: It branches into ascending palatine artery, tonsilar branch., submental artery, superior labial artery, inferior labial artery, lateral nasal artery and angular artery

Supply to: It supplies to the lower part of the palatine tonsil, submandibular gland, facial muscles and fascia

Source: Originated from aortic arch

Branches: It branches into vertebral artery, thyrocervical trunk, internal thoracic artery, costocervical trunk and dorsal scapular artery

Supply to: It supplies to the neck, brain, spinal cord, thyroid gland, larynx, shoulder, chest muscles, upper limb

Source: Originated from brachiocephalic trunk on the right and aortic arch on the left

Branches: It branches into external carotid artery and internal carotid artery

Supply to: It supplies to the most of the head and upper neck

Source: Originated from external carotid artery

Branches: It branches into transverse facial artery, anterior auricular branches, zygomaticoorbital artery, middle temporal artery, frontal branch and parietal branch

Supply to: It supplies to the scalp of the lateral side of the head; lateral face; temporalis muscle

Source: Originated from external carotid artery

Branches: It branches into infrahyoid branch, sternocleidomastoid branch, superior laryngeal artery., cricothyroid branch and glandular branches

Supply to: It supplies to the thyroid gland, upper part of the larynx, infrahyoid muscle., sternocleidomastoid muscle

Source: Originated from external carotid artery

Branches: It branches into ascending palatine artery, tonsilar branch, submental artery, superior labial artery, inferior labial artery, lateral nasal artery and angular artery

Supply to: It supplies to the lower part of the palatine tonsil, submandibular gland, facial muscles and fascia

Source: Originated from facial artery

Branches: It has no branches

Supply to: It supplies to the lateral side of the nose

Source: Originated from external carotid artery

Branches: It branches into transverse facial artery, anterior auricular branche, zygomatico-orbital artery, middle temporal artery, frontal branch and parietal branch

Supply to: It supplies to the scalp of the lateral side of the head; lateral face; temporalis muscle

Source: Originated from external carotid artery

Branches: It branches into sternocleidomastoid branches, auricular branch, mastoid branch, descending branch and occipital branches

Supply to: It supplies to the lateral neck, posterior neck and posterior scalp

Source: Originated from brachiocephalic artery

Branches: It branches into vertebral artery, thyrocervical trunk, internal thoracic artery, costocervical trunk and dorsal scapular artery

Supply to: It supplies to the neck, brain, spinal cord, thyroid gland, larynx, shoulder, chest muscles, upper limb

Source: Originated from facial artery

Branches: It branches into septal branch

Supply to: It supplies to the skin, muscles, fasciae and mucosa of the upper lip, lower part of the anterior end of the nasal septum

Source: Originated from facial artery

Branches: It has no branches

Supply to: It supplies to the skin, muscles, fasciae and mucosa of the lower lip

Source: Originated from superficial temporal artery

Branches: It has no branches

Supply to: It supplies to the parotid gland, masseter muscle, facial muscles and skin

Source: Originated from superficial temporal artery

Branches: It has no branches

Supply to: It supplies to the orbicularis oculi, and anastomoses with the lacrimal and palpebral branches of the ophthalmic artery

Source: Originated from external carotid artery

Branches: It branches into stylomastoid branch, auricular branch and occipital branch

Supply to: It supplies to the part of the external ear, scalp and deeper structures posterior to the ear

Tributaries: It received tributaries from jugular vein

Drains into: The vein drians into brachiocephalic vein

Regions: It covers the area of upper extremity

Tributaries: It received tributaries from posterior external jugular vein, transverse cervical vein, suprascapular vein and anterior jugular vein

Drains into: The vein drians into subclavian vein

Regions: It covers the arrea of head & neck and shoulder

Tributaries: It received tributaries from jugular vein

Drains into: The vein drians into brachiocephalic vein

Regions: It covers the area of upper extremity

Source: Originated from frontal nerve, from the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve

Branches: No known branches

Sensory: Skin of the medial forehead and the medial part of the upper eyelid;associated conjunctiva

Source: Frontal nerve, from the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve

Branches: Medial and lateral branches

Sensory: Sensory to skin of the forehead;mucous membrane of the frontal sinus

Source: Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

Branches: Parotid branches, articular branches, anterior auricular branches

Motor: Secretomotor to the parotid gland by carrying postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the otic ganglion; (preganglionic parasympathetic fibers originate in the lesser petrosal branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve)

Sensory: Sensory to skin of anterior ear and the skin anterosuperior to the ear; part of the external auditory meatus; temporomandibular joint

Source: Ventral primary rami of spinal nerves C3-C5 (cervical plexus)

Branches: No known branches

Motor: Skeletal muscle of the respiratory diaphragm

Sensory: Diaphragmatic pleura; some fibers contributed to the pericardium and to the adjacent mediastinal and costal pleurae

Source: Originated from ventral primary rami of C5-C8 and T1

Branches: Give branches to dorsal scapular, long thoracic, nerve to subclavius, suprascapular, lateral and medial pectoral, medial brachial and antebrachial cutaneous, upper, middle and lower subscapular, musculocutaneous, ulnar, median, axillary, radial

Motor: Innervate muscles of the upper limb, excluding trapezius

Sensory: Innervate skin of the upper limb

Source: Originated from spinal nucleus of the upper cervical spinal cord

Branches: No known branches

Motor: Innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles, essential for head and shoulder movements

Source: Originated from the cervical plexus, a network of nerves formed by the spinal nerves C1-C4

Branches: No known branches

Sensory: Innervates skin of the anterior surface of the neck

Source: Originated from cervical plexus (contributions from the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves C2 & C3)

Branches: Give branches to mastoid nerve, auricular nerve

Sensory: Innervates skin of the ear and skin below the ear

Source: Originated from ventral primary ramus of spinal nerve C2

Branches:No known branches

Sensory: Innervates skin behind the ear

Source: Originated from dorsal primary ramus of spinal nerve C2 (medial branch)

Branches: No known branches

Motor: Innervates the posterior neck muscles

Sensory: Innervates the skin of the posterior surface of the scalp

Source: Originated from inferior alveolar nerve

Branches: No known branches

Sensory: Innervates the skin of the chin the lower lip

Source: Originated from maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve (V2)

Branches: Branches into middle alveolar nerve, anterior superior alveolar nerve

Sensory: Innervates the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus; upper premolar, canine and incisor teeth; maxillary gingiva; skin of the lateral nose, lower eyelid, upper lip and zygomatic region

Source: Originates from the facial nerve (CN VII) within the parotid gland

Motor: Innervates the muscles of the lower lip and chin, including the depressor labii inferioris, depressor anguli oris, and mentalis muscles

Source: Originates from the superior division of the facial nerve within the parotid gland

Branches: It may also form anastomoses (connections) with buccal branch fibers and fibers from the zygomaticofacial and lacrimal nerves

Motor: Innervates muscles around the orbit, primarily the orbicularis oculi muscle. The nerve plays a crucial role in eye closure and blinking

Source: Originates from the superior division of the facial nerve within the parotid gland

Branches: It may also form anastomoses (connections) with buccal branch fibers and fibers from the zygomaticofacial and lacrimal nerves

Motor: Innervates muscles around the orbit, primarily the orbicularis oculi muscle. The nerve plays a crucial role in eye closure and blinking

Source: Originates from the main facial nerve trunk below the zygomatic arch and within the parotid gland

Motor: Innervates muscles in the temporal region, including the frontalis and orbicularis oculi muscles, and crosses the zygomatic arch

Source: Originates from the inferior division of the facial nerve within the parotid gland

Motor: Innervates muscles of facial expression in the midface

Location: Bilobed or tear shape gland located upper outer corner of the eye socket

Function: Secretes the aqueous portion of tears, which moistens, lubricates, and protects the eye's surface

Location: In front of and just below each ear, in the cheek area

Function: Largest of the three paired major salivary glands, that produce saliva that aids in chewing, swallowing, and digestion

Location: Begins from the anterior part of the parotid gland, crosses the masseter muscle, and pierces the buccinator muscle

Function: Also known as Stensen duct. It transport saliva produced by the parotid gland into the oral vestibule

Location: It is a paired major salivary gland located below the jaw

Function: Producing saliva that aids in chewing, swallowing, digestion, and oral hygiene, and is drained into the mouth via Wharton's duct

Location:

Located between the cricoid cartilage and the hyoid bone

Function: Firm and resilient structure, composed entirely of hyaline cartilage, which serves to protect and support the vocal cords

Location:

A butterfly shaped endocrine gland located in the front of the neck

Function: An endocrine gland that crucial for regulating metabolism, growth, and development by producing and releasing thyroid hormones

Location: Anterior midline of the neck between the chin and the thyroid cartilage

Functions: A horseshoe-shaped bone also known as lingual bone or tongue-bone. It supports tongue and plays a key role in speaking and swallowing