Description: It is a strong, triangular, fibrous sheet of tissue located on the palm of the hand

Function: It helps in gripping objects, protects underlying neurovascular and tendon structures, and contributes to the structure and stability of the hand

Origin: Originated from flexor retinaculum, scaphoid, trapezium

Insertion: It is inserted into base of the proximal phalanx of the first digit

Innervation: Innervated by recurrent branch of median nerve

Action: Abducts thumb

Origin: Originated from hook of hamate & the flexor retinaculum

Insertion: Inserted into proximal phalanx of the 5th digit

Innervation: Innervated by ulnar nerve, deep branch

Action: It flexes the carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints of the 5th digit

Origin: Originated from pisiform

Insertion: Inserted into base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit on its ulnar side

Innervation: Innervated by deep branch of the ulnar nerve

Action: It abducts the 5th digit

Origin: As part of flexor digitorum profundus muscle, the tendons originated from ulna, interosseous membrane, and deep forearm fascia

Insertion: It inserterted onto the volar surface of the distal phalanx of each finger, deep to the flexor digitorum superficialis

Innervation: The muscle together with the tendons were innervated by median nerve (radial one-half); ulnar nerve (ulnar one-half)

Action: Together with the muscle, it flexes the metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints

Origin: As part of flexor digitorum superficialis muscle, the tendons originated from humeroulnar head: common flexor tendon; radial head: middle 1/3 of radius

Insertion: It inserterted into the shafts of the middle phalanges of digits 2-5

Innervation: The muscle together with the tendons were innervated by median nerve

Action: Together with the muscle, it flexes the metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints

Descripton: It is a strong, fibrous tunnel or sheath that surrounds the flexor tendons and their synovial sheaths in the fingers and thumb

Function: It keeps the tendons close to the bones, which is essential for efficient movement and force transmission. It also prevents bowstringing, where the tendons can slip away from the bones when the hand flexes

Descripton: It is a strong, fibrous tunnel or sheath that surrounds the flexor tendons and their synovial sheaths in the fingers and thumb

Function: It keeps the tendons close to the bones, which is essential for efficient movement and force transmission. It also prevents bowstringing, where the tendons can slip away from the bones when the hand flexes

Descripton: It is a strong, fibrous tunnel or sheath that surrounds the flexor tendons and their synovial sheaths in the fingers and thumb

Function: It keeps the tendons close to the bones, which is essential for efficient movement and force transmission. It also prevents bowstringing, where the tendons can slip away from the bones when the hand flexes

Origin: As part of extensor digiti minimi muscle, the tendons originated from common extensor tendon (lateral epicondyle of the humerus)

Insertion: It inserterted into the joins the extensor digitorum tendon to the 5th digit and inserts into the extensor expansion

Innervation: The muscle together with the tendons were innervated by deep radial nerve

Action: Together with the muscle, it extends the metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints of the 5th digit

Origin: As part of extensor digitorum muscle, the tendons originated from common extensor tendon (lateral epicondyle of the humerus)

Insertion: It inserterted into the extensor expansion of digits 2-5

Innervation: The muscle together with the tendons were innervated by deep radial nerve

Action: Together with the muscle, it extends the metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints of the 2nd-5th digits; extends wrist

Origin: As part of extensor digitorum muscle, the tendons originated from common extensor tendon (lateral epicondyle of the humerus)

Insertion: It inserterted into the extensor expansion of digits 2-5

Innervation: The muscle together with the tendons were innervated by deep radial nerve

Action: Together with the muscle, it extends the metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints of the 2nd-5th digits; extends wrist

Description: Also known as juncturae tendinum or connexus intertendinei, are connective tissue bands that link the tendons of the extensor digitorum muscle on the back of the hand

Function:

Prevent independent extension: They ensure that all fingers extend together rather than individually, contributing to coordinated hand movements

Protect against lacerations: They act as a bridge, potentially preventing tendon lacerations

Distribute force: They help disperse longitudinal and lateral forces exerted on the fingers during extension, preventing excessive stress on any single tendon

Description: Also known as juncturae tendinum or connexus intertendinei, are connective tissue bands that link the tendons of the extensor digitorum muscle on the back of the hand

Function:

Prevent independent extension: They ensure that all fingers extend together rather than individually, contributing to coordinated hand movements

Protect against lacerations: They act as a bridge, potentially preventing tendon lacerations

Distribute force: They help disperse longitudinal and lateral forces exerted on the fingers during extension, preventing excessive stress on any single tendon

Origin: Originated from two adjacent metacarpal shafts

Insertion: Inserted into the extensor expansions and the bases of the proximal phalanges (the bones closest to the metacarpals)

Innervation: The muscle innervated by ulnar nerve, deep branch

Action: It flex the metacarpophalangeal joint, extend the proximal and distal interphalangeal joint of digit and abduct digit

Origin: As part of extensor pollicis longus muscle, the tendons originated from interosseous membrane and middle part of the posterolateral surface of the ulna

Insertion: It inserterted into the base of the distal phalanx of the thumb

Innervation: The muscle together with the tendons were innervated by deep radial nerve

Action: Together with the muscle, it extends the thumb at the interphalangeal joint

Origin: As part of extensor pollicis brevis muscle, the tendons originated from interosseous membrane and the posterior surface of the distal radius

Insertion: It inserterted into the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb

Innervation: The muscle together with the tendons were innervated by deep radial nerve

Action: Together with the muscle, it extends the thumb at the metacarpophalangeal joint

Description: A triangular-shaped aponeurosis (a sheet-like tendon) that surrounds the distal metacarpal head and proximal phalanx

Function: It is a complex structure that acts as a conduit and distributor of force, allowing the extensor muscles to extend the fingers and toes efficiently

Origin: As part of flexor pollicis longus muscle, the tendons originated from anterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane

Insertion: It inserterted into the base of the distal phalanx of the thumb

Innervation: The muscle together with the tendons were innervated by median nerve

Action: Together with the muscle, it flexes the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints of the thumb

Description: A thick, fibrous band of tissue located on the dorsal (back) side of the wrist

Function: It hold the extensor tendons in place, preventing them from bowstringing or pulling away from the bones during wrist extension and flexion. It also helps to ensure smooth gliding of the tendons, facilitating efficient wrist movement

Origin: Originated from two adjacent metacarpal shafts

Insertion: Inserted into the extensor hood and the proximal phalanx of each finger

Innervation: Innervated by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve

Action: It flex the metacarpophalangeal joint, extend the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-4, abduct digits 2-4 (abduction of digits in the hand is defined as movement away from the midline of the 3rd digit)

Origin: Originated from two adjacent metacarpal shafts

Insertion: Inserted into the extensor hood and the proximal phalanx of each finger

Innervation: Innervated by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve

Action: It flex the metacarpophalangeal joint, extend the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-4, abduct digits 2-4 (abduction of digits in the hand is defined as movement away from the midline of the 3rd digit)

Source: Originated from brachial artery

Branches: It gives branches to radial recurrent artery, palmar carpal branch, superficial palmar branch, dorsal carpal branch, 1st dorsal metacarpal artery, princeps pollicis artery, radialis indicis artery, deep palmar arterial arch

Supply to: It supplies to the posterior elbow, posterior forearm, posterior hand, deep portion of palmar side of the hand, thumb

Source: Originated from

1st: radial artery

2-4: dorsal carpal arterial arch

Branches: It gives branches to dorsal digital artery

Supply to: It supplies to dorsum of 2 adjacent digits, excluding the distal phalangeal segment

Source: Originated from brachial artery

Branches: It gives branches to anterior ulnar recurrent artery, posterior ulnar recurrent artery, common interosseous artery, palmar carpal branch, dorsal carpal branch, deep palmar branch, superficial palmar arterial arch

Supply to: It supplies to medial side of the anterior forearm, posterior forearm, superficial palm, fingers

Source: Originated from common palmar digital artery

Branches: It gives no branches

Supply to: It supplies to palmar aspect of each digit

Source: Originated from common palmar digital artery

Branches: It gives no branches

Supply to: It supplies to palmar aspect of each digit

Source: Originated from brachial artery

Branches: It gives branches to radial recurrent artery, palmar carpal branch, superficial palmar branch, dorsal carpal branch, 1st dorsal metacarpal artery, princeps pollicis artery, radialis indicis artery, deep palmar arterial arch

Supply to: It supplies to the posterior elbow, posterior forearm, posterior hand, deep portion of palmar side of the hand, thumb

Source: Originated from common palmar digital branches of the superficial branch of the ulnar nerve

Branches: Some of the nerve, give off branches to the dorsal branches to innervate the dorsal side of the distal phalanges

Motor: Innervate the sympathetic motor to the skin

Sensory: It provides sensory to the palmar and dorsal skin on medial side of the 4th digit and all of the 5th digit

Source: Originated from common palmar digital branches of the median nerve

Branches: Some of the nerve, give off branches to the dorsal branches to innervate the dorsal side of the distal phalanges

Motor: Innervate the sympathetic motor to the skin

Sensory: It provides sensory to the palmar skin and nail bed of digits 1-3 and the lateral side of 4th digit

Source: Originated from common palmar digital branches of the median nerve

Branches: Some of the nerve, give off branches to the dorsal branches to innervate the dorsal side of the distal phalanges

Motor: Innervate the sympathetic motor to the skin

Sensory: It provides sensory to the palmar skin and nail bed of digits 1-3 and the lateral side of 4th digit

Source: Originated from common palmar digital branches of the median nerve

Branches: Some of the nerve, give off branches to the dorsal branches to innervate the dorsal side of the distal phalanges

Motor: Innervate the sympathetic motor to the skin

Sensory: It provides sensory to the the palmar skin and nail bed of digits 1-3 and the lateral side of 4th digit

Source: Originated from common palmar digital branches of the median nerve

Branches: Some of the nerve, give off branches to the dorsal branches to innervate the dorsal side of the distal phalanges

Motor: Innervate the sympathetic motor to the skin

Sensory: It provides sensory to the palmar skin and nail bed of digits 1-3 and the lateral side of 4th digit

Source: Originated from common palmar digital branches of the median nerve

Branches: Some of the nerve, give off branches to the dorsal branches to innervate the dorsal side of the distal phalanges

Motor: Innervate the sympathetic motor to the skin

Sensory: It provides sensory to the palmar skin and nail bed of digits 1-3 and the lateral side of 4th digit

Source: Originated from common palmar digital branches of the median nerve

Branches: Some of the nerve, give off branches to the dorsal branches to innervate the dorsal side of the distal phalanges

Motor: It innervate the sympathetic motor to the skin

Sensory: It provides sensory to the palmar skin and nail bed of digits 1-3 and the lateral side of 4th digit

Source: Originated from ulnar nerve in the distal forearm

Branches: It branches into the dorsal digital nerves

Sensory: It provides sensory to the medial half of the back of the hand, including the dorsal surface of the little finger and the ulnar side of the ring finger

Source: Originated from medial cord of the brachial plexus (C8, T1)

Branches: It branches into the palmar cutaneous branch, dorsal branch, superficial and deep branches

Motor: It innervate the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle, flexor digitorum profundus muscle (ulnar half), abductor digiti minimi muscle, flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle, opponens digiti minimi muscle, ulnar 2 lumbrical muscle, palmar and dorsal interosseous muscle

Sensory: It provides sensory to the skin of the medial side of the wrist and hand; skin of the medial 1 1/2 digits

Source: Originated from radial nerve

Branches: It branches into the dorsal digital branches

Motor: It innervate the sympathetic motor for the skin

Sensory: It provides sensory to the skin of the posterolateral wrist and hand; dorsum of the lateral 3 1/2 digits (excluding the skin over the distal phalanx/nail bed)