Origin: Originated from anterior superior iliac spine

Insertion: It inserted into medial surface of the tibia (pes anserinus)

Innervation: Innervated by femoral nerve

Action: It flexes, abducts and laterally rotates the thigh; flexes leg

Origin: Originated from medial intermuscular septum, medial lip of the linea aspera

Insertion: It inserted into patella and medial patellar retinaculum

Innervation: Innervated by femoral nerve

Action: It extends leg

Origin: Originated from lateral intermuscular septum, lateral lip of the linea aspera and the gluteal tuberosity

Insertion: It inserted into patella and medial patellar retinaculum

Innervation: Innervated by femoral nerve

Action: It extends leg

Origin: Originated from

Straight head: anterior inferior iliac spine

Reflected head: above the superior rim of the acetabulum

Insertion: It inserted into patella and tibial tuberosity (via the patellar ligament)

Innervation: Innervated by femoral nerve

Action: It extends the leg, flexes the thigh

Origin: Originated from pubic symphysis and the inferior pubic ramus

Insertion: It inserted into medial surface of the tibia (via pes anserinus)

Innervation: Innervated by anterior division of the obturator nerve

Action: It adducts the thigh, flexes and medially rotates the thigh, flexes the leg

Origin: Originated from ischiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity

Insertion: It inserted into linea aspera of the femur; the ischiocondylar part inserts on the adductor tubercle of the femur

Innervation: Innervated by posterior division of the obturator nerve; tibial nerve (ischiocondylar part)

Action: It adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the femur; extends the femur (ischiocondylar part)

Origin: Originated from lower, medial surface of ischial tuberosity (common tendon with biceps femoris muscle)

Insertion: It inserted into medial surface of tibia (via pes anserinus)

Innervation: Innervated by tibial nerve

Action: It extends the thigh, flexes the leg

Origin: Originated from upper, outer surface of the ischial tuberosity

Insertion: It inserted into medial condyle of the tibia

Innervation: Innervated by tibial nerve

Action: It extends the thigh, flexes the leg

Origin: Originated from medial portion of the superior pubic ramus

Insertion: It inserted into linea aspera of the femur

Innervation: Innervated by anterior division of the obturator nerve

Action: It adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the femur

Origin: Originated from upper, outer surface of the ischial tuberosity

Insertion: It inserted into medial condyle of the tibia

Innervation: Innervated by tibial nerve

Action: It extends the thigh, flexes the leg

Origin: Originated from

Long head: Ischial tuberosity

Short head: Lateral lip of the linea aspera

Insertion: It inserted into head of fibula and lateral condyle of the tibia

Innervation: Innervated by

Long head: tibial nerve

Short head: common fibular (peroneal) nerve

Action: It extends the thigh, flexes the leg

Origin: Originated from external surface of the ilium between the posterior and anterior gluteal lines

Insertion: It inserted into greater trochanter of the femur

Innervation: Innervated by superior gluteal nerve

Action: It abducts the femur; medially rotates the thigh

Origin: Originated from posterior gluteal line, posterior surface of sacrum and coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament

Insertion: It inserted into upper fibers: iliotibial tract; Lowermost fibers: gluteal tuberosity of the femur

Innervation: Innervated by inferior gluteal nerve

Action: It extends the thigh; Laterally rotates the femur

Origin: Originated from bodies and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae

Insertion: It inserted into lesser trochanter of femur (with iliacus) via iliopsoas tendon

Innervation: Innervated by branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L2-L4

Action: It flexes the thighb and flexes & laterally bends the lumbar vertebral column

Origin: Originated from iliac fossa and iliac crest; ala of sacrum

Insertion: It inserted into lesser trochanter of the femur

Innervation: Innervated by femoral nerve

Action: It flexes the thigh; if the thigh is fixed it flexes the pelvis on the thigh

Origin: Originated from several areas, including the posterior surface of the pubis, the inner surface of the ischium, and the obturator fascia

Insertion: It inserted into various structures including the coccyx, anococcygeal raphe, perineal body, and the anococcygeal body

Innervation: Primarily innervated by the nerve to levator ani, which originates from the sacral spinal nerves (S3-S5)

Action: It supports and raises pelvic visceral structures, aids in proper sexual functioning, defecation, and urination, and allows various structures to pass through it

Origin: Originated from pecten of the pubis

Insertion: It inserted into pectineal line of the femur

Innervation: Innervated by femoral nerve and possibly the anterior division of the obturator nerve

Action: It adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the thigh

Origin: Originated from anterior part of the iliac crest, anterior superior iliac spine

Insertion: It inserted into iliotibial tract

Functions: It flexes, abducts, and medially rotates the thigh

General: A strong, fan-shaped ligament in the posterior pelvis that connects the sacrum and coccyx to the ischial tuberosity

Origin: Originated from posterior superior iliac spine, the lower part of the sacrum, and the upper part of the lateral margin of the coccyx

Insertion: It inserted into Medial margin of the ischial tuberosity

Functions: It stabilizing the sacroiliac joint and connecting the bony pelvis to the vertebral column

General: Thick band of fibrous tissue, runs along the outside of the thigh from the hip to the knee

Origin: Originated from iliac crest (the bony ridge of the hip)

Insertion: It inserted into Gerdy's tubercle, a bony projection on the lateral (outer) side of the proximal tibia

Functions: It helps in hip and knee stabilization

Description: A joint located in the midline of the pelvis, connecting the two pubic bones via a fibrocartilaginous disc

Functions: Pelvic stability and flexibility, especially during pregnancy and childbirth

Location: The bone that forms the knee cap

Functions: The patella is a sesamoid bone in the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle; it provides a protective function by withstanding the grinding forces of the quadriceps femoris tendon against the patellar surface of the femur, especially in full knee flexion

Source: Originated from abdominal aorta

Branches: It branches into external iliac artery, internal iliac artery

Supply to: It supplies the pelvis, lower limb

Source: Originated from internal iliac, posterior division

Branches: It branches into superficial branches, deep branches

Supply to: It supplies the gluteus maximus muscle, gluteus medius muscle, gluteus minimus muscle, hip joint

Source: Originated from internal iliac artery, anterior division

Branches: It branches into unnamed muscular branches

Supply to: It supplies the gluteus maximus muscle, hip joint

Source: Originated from the anterior division of the internal iliac artery

Branches: It branches into inferior rectal artery, perineal artery, artery of the bulb of the clitoris/penis, urethral artery, deep clitoral/penile artery, dorsal clitoral/penile artery

Supply to: It supplies the primary blood supply to the perineum, including the external genitalia, anal canal, and surrounding structures

Source: Originated from common iliac artery

Branches: It branches into inferior epigastric artery, deep circumflex iliac artery, femoral artery

Supply to: It supplies the pelvis and lower limb

Tributaries: Inferior epigastric, deep circumflex iliac, and pubic veins

Drains into: Common iliac vein

Regions: Skin and muscle of anterior abdominal wall, pubic region, leg

Source: Originated from anterior rami of spinal nerves S1 to S4, and the lumbosacral trunk (L4 & L5)

Branches: It branches into sciatic Nerve (L4 - S3), Pudendal Nerve (ventral divisions of S2 - S4), Superior Gluteal Nerve (dorsal divisions of L4 - S1), Inferior Gluteal Nerve (dorsal divisions of L5 - S2), Nerve to Obturator Internus (ventral divisions of L5 - S2), Nerve to Quadratus Femoris, Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve, Perforating Cutaneous Nerve, Nerve to Piriformis and Obturator Nerve (L2 - L4)

Motor: Innervates gluteus minimus, gluteus medius and tensor fascia lata (superior gluteal nerve), innervates gluteus maximus (inferior gluteal nerve), Tibial portion – Innervates the muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh (apart from the short head of the biceps femoris), and the hamstring component of adductor magnus. Innervates all the muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg and sole of the foot. Common fibular portion – Short head of biceps femoris, all muscles in the anterior and lateral compartments of the leg and extensor digitorum brevis (sciatic nerve),

Sensory: It provide sensory to the

Tibial portion: supplies the skin of the posterolateral leg, lateral foot and the sole of the foot

Common fibular portion: supplies the skin of the lateral leg and the dorsum of the foot (sciatic nerve)

Innervates the skin on the posterior surface of the thigh and leg. Also innervates the skin of the perineum (posterior femoral cutaneous)

Source: Originated from lumbar plexus (ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L2-L4)

Branches: It branches into anterior and posterior branches

Motor: Innervates the muscles of the medial thigh: adductor longus muscle, adductor brevis muscle and adductor magnus muscle, gracilis muscle, obturator externus muscle

Sensory: It provides sensory to the skin of the lower medial thigh